Wondering if we will see more of this with the rise of "Grey Zone" warfare:
https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/23/world/americas/colombia-airline-flights-venezuela.html?_r=0
There was no specific mention of a loss of separation but it was enough to get a "sharp diversion".
China seems to be practicing this also:
https://www.lawfareblog.com/chinas-harassment-civilian-ships-and-aircraft-south-china-sea-reminds-us-why-we-need-more-us-freedom
This article and referenced speech imply they make no distinction or even attempt at distinguishing between civil and military traffic for interception or harassment.
Could ICAO as a governing body respond? Suspension or some or all certifications or reciprocity of certifications?