The Next President is...

[ViperMan]

The core problem in our society boils down to one thing - too many people have no skin in the game. It's reflected in this conversation right now. We are lamenting the 69 people who don't pay enough in taxes. Roger. I get that, and they should pay more than their 15% or whatever it is they're paying - it's a lot less than the 40-50% you and I pay. That said, there is far, far, far, faaaaaar greater moral and social consequence to the functioning of society when 50% of us pay nothing, or next to nothing. I'm not saying don't tax Elon, Jeff, and Bill more - at least to parity. But we absolutely *must* start charging people for what they consume. Want welfare benefits? Cool. Here's welfare and a 40-hour per week job filling up pot holes. The free lunch has to stop. Benefits have to go hand in hand with some sort of exchange of labor, long-term debt, or generational/familial accounting. Free has to end.

[Sua Sponte]

1 hour ago, BuddhaSixFour said:

Yeah, never met the man but I have three first degree connections. Two think he’s the devil. One he knocked up. 🤷

if DOGE can find billions of dollars in fraud, waste and abuse, within the confines of the law, more power to them. But we all really want them to adhere to the law because two of those folks who know him believe Elon is going to need to be checked hard at some point. 
 

But I think he’s Trump’s Sin Eater. See how far he can go, let him do all of the things you want to do but can’t. Then when he goes too far and finally finds the boundary, under the bus he goes. That’s wild conjecture though. 

Elon gets to cosplay as POTUS since he can't be one. He also gets to dismantle agencies, some illegally, that give him grief (i.e., EPA, SEC, IRS, etc.). He gets to "audit" competitors within the DoD/NASA and their contracts, and more importantly, he gets to data mine American data to train the data sets on his Grok 3.0 AI. If he gets in trouble with the Feds, Trump will order the DOJ to turn the other way, like Eric Adams, or use the pocket pardon he probably promised Elon. Trump, on the other hand, gets to just go after the people who wronged him with the DOJ since the SCOTUS said he's got a "Stay out of Jail" card for official acts.

Plus he's a lame duck POTUS after this term, so he doesn't give a shit about anything else other than making him, Elon, and fellow billionaires richer. Fuck the working class with tariffs that the rich can afford day-to-day, then when the working class sells their property to survive after the economy crashes, have all the private equity billionares circle like vultures to buy it all up for pennies on the dollar. Farmer and ranchers that largely voted for Trump? Fuck them. Make it almost impossible to farm or ranch, so private equity billionaires could come in after they sell and scoop up all their property. Then they go and rehire the illegals that ran away to begin with. Capitalism baby. 

Congress *could* check Trump's power with an impeachment, but the GOP isn't going to do that since Elon said he'd spend $100M to primary any GOP member of Congress that opposed Trump. They're all going to turn their heads and look the other way. McConnell voted against RFK, but I can almost promise you had he been the deciding vote, he would've voted to confirm. It's a lot easier when it's not as close as that. 

Russell Vought gets to finally live his Christian Nationalist dream by deporting the browns and having the GOP and Elon push their breed kink to have a lot of kids. Gotta replace the working class/proletariats to work for the bourgeoisie billionaires that now own everything. 

Edited Tuesday at 03:36 AM by Sua Sponte

[Sua Sponte]

2 minutes ago, ViperMan said:

The core problem in our society boils down to one thing - too many people have no skin in the game. It's reflected in this conversation right now. We are lamenting the 69 people who don't pay enough in taxes. Roger. I get that, and they should pay more than their 15% or whatever it is they're paying - it's a lot less than the 40-50% you and I pay. That said, there is far, far, far, faaaaaar greater moral and social consequence to the functioning of society when 50% of us pay nothing, or next to nothing. I'm not saying don't tax Elon, Jeff, and Bill more - at least to parity. But we absolutely *must* start charging people for what they consume. Want welfare benefits? Cool. Here's welfare and a 40-hour per week job filling up pot holes. The free lunch has to stop. Benefits have to go hand in hand with some sort of exchange of labor, long-term debt, or generational/familial accounting. Free has to end.

Do you support a means test for VA compensation?

[ViperMan]

6 minutes ago, Sua Sponte said:

Do you support a means test for VA compensation?

Let me caveat this with my current understanding of VA compensation: I don't know anything about VA compensation.

My opinion? Yes, probably. I see guys I work with who are 100% disabled and still fly F-16s. YGBFFFM. Seriously bro?

In their defense, it's also been explained to me that "disability" is probably the wrong word to use to describe what's going on. Most people aren't disabled according to the MW definition of the word. The legalistic, lawyerly, VA definition of "disability" has more to do with how much damage you've sustained over a career. Fair enough.

Back to my opinion. When someone who is able to claim 100% disability can still fly a 9G jet and stands next to someone who is 100% disabled who had all four limbs blown off in AFG, I think that's a bit sick, frankly. Something is wrong with the system.

Edited Tuesday at 03:42 AM by ViperMan

[Sua Sponte]

1 minute ago, ViperMan said:

Let me caveat this with my current understanding of VA compensation: I don't know anything about VA compensation.

My opinion? Yes, probably. I see guys I work with who are 100% disabled and still fly F-16s. YGBFFFM. Seriously bro?

In their defense, it's also been explained to me that "disability" is probably the wrong word to use to describe what's going on. Most people aren't disabled according to the MW definition of the word. The legalistic, lawyerly, VA definition of "disability" has more to do with how much damage you've sustained over a career. Fair enough.

Back to my opinion. When someone who is able to claim 100% disability can still fly a 9G jet and stands next to someone who is 100% disabled who had all four limbs blown off in AFG, I think that's a bit sick, frankly. Something is wrong with the system.

My boss in OGV ran a marathon, was in great shape, then the next week was diagnosed with Stage 4 colon cancer. I wish the VA would a different term than "disability" since not all of them are visible. A means test would be if you made a certain amount in income, regardless of the disabilities you have while in the military service, you would either be paid a reduced, or even zero, amount of compensation by the VA.

[nsplayr]

34 minutes ago, ViperMan said:

Want welfare benefits? Cool. Here's welfare and a 40-hour per week job filling up pot holes. The free lunch has to stop.

This is largely the case already - work requirements exist for the majority of welfare programs unless you are elderly or a single person caring for children younger than school age. This was Bill Clinton’s whole third way welfare to work thing in the mid 90s…it’s been this way more or less (state dependent) for 30 years.

I’m sure you can make additional tweaks or tighten things up if you’d like, but the big fiscal problem isn’t welfare and the poor not paying enough taxes, they don’t have any money anyways, that’s why they are poor! The big fiscal problem is Congress wants to spend lots of money on things and fails to raise taxes enough to account for their spending.

My solution is keep most of the spending because I support a robust national budget to enable an advanced, first-rate country for us all, and to just raise taxes enough to fund it. And if you are going to raise taxes, you have to have it affect people that actually have money. Start at the stratospheric top since they already pay less than your high-earning W2 folks and also have a shit ton of money to start with, but I would also not have cap on SSDI taxes and would be open to modestly higher federal income rates at all income levels.

That’s my take - just pay for what you want to spend, because austerity does not work. You will cut the legs off of your own economic engine and end up doing less with less in a downward spiral. And deficits & long term debt truly aren’t the devil if you are the worlds reserve currency and preeminent military power, it really is fundamentally different than a personal or family budget.

Edited Tuesday at 04:08 AM by nsplayr

[uhhello]

I'm all for making a giant cut in the fraud/waste/abuse of my tax dollars before we start talking about increasing or decreasing taxes.  I don't think that's too much to ask.  On the flip side, I've read/heard firsthand from a lot of the cuts with an ax that were made where they quickly learned those positions weren't what they thought they were and had to immediately ask for the people to come back.  Let's take a breath and maybe start firing people with at least a scalpel instead of an ax.  

[nsplayr]

27 minutes ago, Sua Sponte said:

A means test would be if you made a certain amount in income, regardless of the disabilities you have while in the military service, you would either be paid a reduced, or even zero, amount of compensation by the VA.

Checks.

OMB / Project 2025 / Christian Nationalist Russ also wants to end concurrent receipt of mil pensions and VA disability payments.

https://www.heritage.org/budget/pages/recommendations/2.600.22.html
 

Needless to say I don’t support that policy idea. You earned your mil pension as delayed compensation and part of your overall benefits package for serving, and if you become disabled as the VA defines it, you should receive those payments as well. The two are not in any way connected (one is for your service, the other is for your disabilities; you can serve for 20+ and be 0% or you can do a single enlistment or less and be 100% or any combo inbetween) other than serving in uniform is a prerequisite for both.

[nsplayr]

9 minutes ago, uhhello said:

I'm all for making a giant cut in the fraud/waste/abuse of my tax dollars before we start talking about increasing or decreasing taxes.  I don't think that's too much to ask.  On the flip side, I've read/heard firsthand from a lot of the cuts with an ax that were made where they quickly learned those positions weren't what they thought they were and had to immediately ask for the people to come back.  Let's take a breath and maybe start firing people with at least a scalpel instead of an ax.  

One man’s FWA is another man’s important and necessary job, it just depends on who does the deciding and how informed they are.

We all know there is wasteful spending in the government. I think the vast majority of us also know sending your organization to a randomized wood chipper and then trying to carry on with your mission with whatever remnants you get is not the way to address any FWA that previously existed.

Shit for all Elon knows he’d fire half the pilots in the squadron but keep all 5 AGR slots we have in ARMS as well as open full-time chaplain 🙄 Needless to say our ARMS troops and Chappy aren’t gonna be able to successfully put warheads in foreheads.

DOGE should have been what it was supposed to be - a commission that would work with the new administrations senate-confirmed agency heads to first identify any FWA or other desired cuts based on the new admins political & policy preferences, then work within the law and with the GOP-controlled Congress to shape the executive branch as able to better suit what the president and Congress want to do. You don’t fire people at random, try to delete agencies and departments created and funded by Congress by executive fiat, and endless and thoughtlessly harass and denigrate federal workers who largely want to do important work serving their country for below industry-standard wages.

Edited Tuesday at 04:25 AM by nsplayr

[Sua Sponte]

3 minutes ago, nsplayr said:

Checks.

OMB / Project 2025 / Christian Nationalist Russ also wants to end concurrent receipt of mil pensions and VA disability payments.

https://www.heritage.org/budget/pages/recommendations/2.600.22.html
 

Needless to say I don’t support that policy idea. You earned your mil pension as delayed compensation and part of your overall benefits package for serving, and if you become disabled as the VA defines it, you should receive those payments as well. The two are not in any way connected (one is for your service, the other is for your disabilities; you can serve for 20+ and be 0% or you can do a single enlistment or less and be 100% or any combo inbetween) other than serving in uniform is a prerequisite for both.

Which is wild since his father was a Marine. Russ is a weird (read: sack of shit) cat. Dude despises government employees, yet has only worked in the government and government-centric NGOs his entire career. 

[Sua Sponte]

11 minutes ago, uhhello said:

I'm all for making a giant cut in the fraud/waste/abuse of my tax dollars before we start talking about increasing or decreasing taxes.  I don't think that's too much to ask.  On the flip side, I've read/heard firsthand from a lot of the cuts with an ax that were made where they quickly learned those positions weren't what they thought they were and had to immediately ask for the people to come back.  Let's take a breath and maybe start firing people with at least a scalpel instead of an ax.  

Elon and Trump are desperately trying to find ways to slash the government since they're cutting taxes to preserve those 2018-era tax cuts that largely benefit the billionaires that expire in 2025. 

Edited Tuesday at 04:26 AM by Sua Sponte

[Sua Sponte]

3 minutes ago, nsplayr said:

DOGE should have been what it was supposed to be - a commission that would work with the new administrations senate-confirmed agency heads to first identify any FWA or other desired cuts based on the new admins political & policy preferences, then work within the law and with the GOP-controlled Congress to shape the executive branch as able to better suit what the president and Congress want to do. You don’t fire people at random, try to delete agencies and departments created and funded by Congress by executive fiat, and endless and thoughtlessly harass and denigrate federal workers who largely want to do important work serving their country for below industry-standard wages.

I'm waiting to see if I'm fired tomorrow since I'm a probationary GS-11. I run the orders writing cell for AFRC, which writes all orders (AT, MPA, RPA, PCS) for IMAs in AFRC. I have two GS-09s that work for me and are on probation as well since they just became new supervisors. Each of them supervises four GS-07s, with four of them being on probation. I also have about 10 Reservists on RPA orders that work for me as well. 

As of now, the DoD hasn't had any of the DOGE firing of probation employees, but I told all my employees on probation to be ready to lose their jobs tomorrow. If that happens, there won't be enough order writers to write orders for the 8,000 IMA population in AFRC since we average about 40-80 orders requests per day. 

I chuckle when I hear the MAGA bots say, "Well, now you can get a real job in the private sector." I left the private sector this past fall, where I made $35K more than a GS-11, for government work. A majority of the folks who work for me are veterans, retired veterans, military spouses, etc. But all of them love the work they do for reservists, and the Air Force support the DoD's mission. That's just job satisfaction you can't get a lot of the time in the private sector. 

[ViperMan]

4 minutes ago, nsplayr said:

This is largely the case already - work requirements exist for the majority of welfare programs unless you are elderly or a single person caring for children younger than school age. This was Bill Clinton’s whole third way welfare to work thing in the mid 90s…it’s been this way more or less (state dependent) for 30 years.

Fair enough. I should educate myself on that.

6 minutes ago, nsplayr said:

The big fiscal problem is Congress wants to spend lots of money on things and fails to raise taxes enough to account for their spending.

Yup. And here is what I'll say about that. A good government - one that is restrained to doing good and correct things for its citizens - has a (basically) fixed cost. If you accept that (which you probably don't), you would eventually be forced to conclude that a percent-based income tax is not the proper way to fund such a government, because you eventually get enough dough to pay for the services you need to provide, and taxing beyond that must, therefore, be done for other purposes. The tax system we have guarantees no upper bound on what the government can collect. That is strange.

Our tax system's main purpose is to flatten peoples' quality of life - which is beyond fucked up. But that's what it's purpose is. Keep us working. Inflate the value of your past labor away. Make saving a sucker's game. Ensure that the productive keep producing just enough to sustain themselves and everyone else. Never let anyone reach the land of milk and honey. The only reason to tax citizens when you have a government that simultaneously prints the very money they tax is to generate demand for the currency, otherwise, just print what you need. Right? Or what do you think about that relationship?

12 minutes ago, nsplayr said:

That’s my take - just pay for what you want to spend, because austerity does not work. You will cut the legs off of your own economic engine and end up doing less with less in a downward spiral. And deficits & long term debt truly aren’t the devil if you are the worlds reserve currency and preeminent military power, it really is fundamentally different than a personal or family budget.

Austerity may be a fact of life if we don't get our spending under control. Economically, the planet is a closed system in an entropy sense. So if we print infinity dollars, the value of those dollars to the rest of the world will drop to zero. That is indisputable. And it also happens to be a major caveat to our position in the world. The reserve currency privilege is not a God-given right. It is maintained purely by the fact that other people in the world have faith that a dollar will buy something. That it is a store of value. A medium of exchange. Look to how much you think Franks were worth in the 20s and 30s. There are reasons why currencies plummet in value. We are subject to the same economic realities as everyone else, but we *act* as if we're not. This is the absolute most dangerous fact in American life right now: the idea that our position in the world is fixed.

[blueingreen]

32 minutes ago, ViperMan said:

This is the absolute most dangerous fact in American life right now: the idea that our position in the world is fixed.

This is something the entire Western world seems uncomfortable with (our enemies are probably salivating though). We need to reckon with the fact that we're on the verge of transitioning from a unipolar environment where the USA was the #1 undisputed global hegemon to a more multipolar environment.

[Lord Ratner]

11 hours ago, Banzai said:

How is giving more money to the owning class and taking away resources from the working class going to get us back to the affordability you claim existed in the 1940s?

You believe that reducing taxes is "giving" money to the taxed and "taking" from the untaxed? Hot take, but very honest. 

 

11 hours ago, nsplayr said:

Well, that's a position you can take I guess, it's just not a popular one at all.

You're right that a majority of our budget is not roads. An exact majority, 50% of our budget, is social security, medicare and national defense, just those three things. Those are the big levers to pull. You're not gaining much at all by firing all the probationary employees at the Park Service or cancelling a program to provide condoms to Mozambique or whatever. Those are grains of sand on the beach. Sure "eVeRy DoLlAr CoUnTs" but some smart tweaks to the big things are 1,000x more powerful than absolutely slashing the small stuff, so we should focus on the stuff that matters.

• Social security is extremely broadly popular, and a majority of all Americans think we spend too little rather than too much. Approx 80%+ approval.
• Medicare is extremely broadly popular. Approx 80%+ approval.
• National defense is extremely broadly popular and also one of the things that's pretty inarguably required by the Constitution, even amongst conservatives who think the federal government does too much. We're also all very familiar with what this type of spending entails & the benefits it provides.

So, yes, you can be an extreme libertarian miser and say "cut the guvment to the bone!" and live your life that way. But don't pretend that point of view is popular, it's very much not.

I for one want to live in a country that is the world's preeminent superpower both militarily and economically - there's a cost to that and we pay that for national defense. I want to live in a country that secures a dignified degree of income security and medical care for the elderly because having destitute and sick/dying older folks on every corner is not what successful countries do.

If only there were a document that stated that the founding purpose of the United States was to do these things. Something something, IDK, spitballing here..."...insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity." Damn that would be sweet.

Obv you can play around at the margins and adjust all spending categories to ensure fiscal stability, and I support some measures to do that, but the overall intent of a civilized nation is to make life better for its citizens, and the framers of the Constitution that we all swore to defend agree. If you want to be in your own self-sufficient bubble unburdened by having to care about other people, you can take a boat to Antactartica or a rocket to the Moon, setup camp, and best of luck to ya!

Okay, then what do we do? Right now the system you believe in is running 2 trillion dollar per year deficits. This is during one of the most financially successful times in American history. We are running deficits (deficit/GDP) that have not been seen since WWII. If we keep interest rates where they are, the deficit will rise another trillion dollars as our interest payments spin out of control. If we lower interest rates we risk reigniting inflation. 

 

So what do we do with this broadly popular concept of spending more money than we have on everyone just because they like it? How much of my money do I deserve to keep, and do you believe the bottom 50% of the country with no net federal income tax liability should be contributing anything towards this massive shortfall that funds their "general welfare?"

[Lord Ratner]

2 hours ago, nsplayr said:

This is largely the case already - work requirements exist for the majority of welfare programs unless you are elderly or a single person caring for children younger than school age. This was Bill Clinton’s whole third way welfare to work thing in the mid 90s…it’s been this way more or less (state dependent) for 30 years.

https://thefga.org/research/universal-work-requirements/

 

It used to be the case. It is not the case now. 

[ClearedHot]

16 hours ago, nsplayr said:

 50% of our budget, is social security, medicare and national defense

Maybe there is a reason why...

 

[Banzai]

1 minute ago, ClearedHot said:

Maybe there is a reason why...

 

Oh cool. Musk can post a table without context on his own social media platform and folks that have screamed “do your own research” for years accept this as evidence of widespread government fraud - and spread it without critical thought.

Or is it that his super genius team doesn’t understand COBOL?

https://www.wired.com/story/elon-musk-doge-social-security-150-year-old-benefits/

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43073149

[ClearedHot]

49 minutes ago, Banzai said:

Oh cool. Musk can post a table without context on his own social media platform and folks that have screamed “do your own research” for years accept this as evidence of widespread government fraud - and spread it without critical thought.

Or is it that his super genius team doesn’t understand COBOL?

https://www.wired.com/story/elon-musk-doge-social-security-150-year-old-benefits/

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43073149

He did post context, the death field is labeled "false".  Even the article you posted says "possible explanation". 

That’s just one possible explanation for what DOGE allegedly found. Musk could also have simply looked up the SSA’s own website, which explains that since September 2015 the agency has automatically stopped benefit payments when anyone reaches the age of 115. 

One would hope the SSA could quickly validate every recipients receiving benefits.  It should be a simple query to find out how many U.S. citizens are over age 100 and how many recipients over age 100 are receiving benefits.  Google says there are currently 89,739 centenarians, the number of recipients should be reasonably close to that number....if not, take a deeper look.  Conspiracy over.

I don't know if there is rampant age related fraud but it does show the government system is a freaking mess and warrants a peak under the hood...for EFFICIENCY, not necessarily fraud.  Kind of like manually processing civilian retirements in a limestone mine shaft. 

As someone who actually programmed in COBOL (atrocious language...I lost three days of my life because I spelled the key word "environment" incorrectly, every time it when to the mainframe to be compiled it generated pages of the green and white pin fed paper errors), it seems terribly inefficient given modern computer systems. 

Again, I don't like the cut with an axe approach (actually flamethrower), but I see nothing wrong with taking a look at government processes to see if they can be improved.

[herkbum]

He did post context, the death field is labeled "false".  Even the article you posted says "possible explanation". 
That’s just one possible explanation for what DOGE allegedly found. Musk could also have simply looked up the SSA’s own website, which explains that since September 2015 the agency has automatically stopped benefit payments when anyone reaches the age of 115. 
One would hope the SSA could quickly validate every recipients receiving benefits.  It should be a simple query to find out how many U.S. citizens are over age 100 and how many recipients over age 100 are receiving benefits.  Google says there are currently 89,739 centenarians, the number of recipients should be reasonably close to that number....if not, take a deeper look.  Conspiracy over.
I don't know if there is rampant age related fraud but it does show the government system is a freaking mess and warrants a peak under the hood...for EFFICIENCY, not necessarily fraud.  Kind of like manually processing civilian retirements in a limestone mine shaft. 
As someone who actually programmed in COBOL (atrocious language...I lost three days of my life because I spelled the key word "environment" incorrectly, every time it when to the mainframe to be compiled it generated pages of the green and white pin fed paper errors), it seems terribly inefficient given modern computer systems. 
Again, I don't like the cut with an axe approach (actually flamethrower), but I see nothing wrong with taking a look at government processes to see if they can be improved.

I remember these stacks of computer paper and punch cards all over the house when I was a kid growing up. My dad was a computer programmer in the early days with main frames that took up entire massive rooms.


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[ClearedHot]

7 minutes ago, herkbum said:

I remember these stacks of computer paper and punch cards all over the house when I was a kid growing up. My dad was a computer programmer in the early days with main frames that took up entire massive rooms.

The good ole days...not.

Typing your code into a machine that punched the cards, then you took the cards to the front desk to be scanned and sent to the mainframe to be compiled...what a nightmare.  Those were three dark days, thank god for the girl working the desk in the computer lab...she found my spelling error, today a debugger would find it in 69 seconds...further proof we need to update our systems.  For those wondering (probably no one), "ENVIRONMENT" is a specific division within a COBOL program where you define details about the computer system where the program will run, including information like the file system, hardware specifications, and input/output devices, essentially describing the "environment" in which the program will operate.

[M2]

That's how we processed aircraft maintenance information when I first enlisted, a typist (not me) would input the data from the forms onto IBM key punch cards using a machine like this...

I had to program the template card which created the data fields, which sat on a spool behind the little window at the middle top of the machine. 

We'd then take a box stacked full of those IBM cards to be run overnight, and the reports from the data came back on stacks of continuous dot matrix printer paper like CH posted. 

If we wanted more than one copy, there was carbon paper in between the sheets which had to be removed making a mess!

A few years later I took a computer class in college, and the instructor called this "1950s technology."

Of course, the USAF was still using it in the early 1980s!

Shit, I feel old now... 👴👴

[herkbum]

We are obviously a bunch of dinosaurs. I spent quite a bit of time walking around those mainframe rooms and sitting in dad’s office while waiting on the company helicopter.


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[SocialD]

9 hours ago, Sua Sponte said:

Do you support a means test for VA compensation?

 

At the very least it should be heavily scrutinized.  Auto 50% for Sleep Apnea?  How many (likely non-pilots) claiming PTSD out there who never saw a deployment outside of Qatar...nice way to pump up their VA rating.  I don't believe in means testing but payouts could probably be looked at big time.   I'd actually be OK with just submitting expenses that I incur to fixing/tending to all ailments from a career of high-G flying.  

 

I'm guessing by the time I'm SS eligible, it will be means tested, which is bullshit, but it is what is.  Truly a take from the "rich" and give to the poor situation.  If we're going to talk means testing, then DOGE is firing the wrong people.  They need to take a hard look at the top of the tenure chain.  Find that, retired military pension guy,  100% VA and getting paid another $100k+ from the federal gov, especially those at/near SS eligible.  We've all ran across these types...the ones that are more of roadblock to progress than anything, never wanting to upset the fiefdom they have built for themselves and stuck in the days from when they were in the military.

[bcuziknow]

Hate much, or just that bitter over life’s choices?